Technical SEO means tuning your site's structure, speed, code, and indexation for Google. Even with great content and backlinks, technical errors push the site down. Conversely, a solid technical foundation lets your content rank fast and accurately.
1. Crawlability β can bots read you?
Googlebot must access the site and read pages. robots.txt shouldn't block, pages should load under 30 seconds, JS-only pages need SSR/SSG. Watch the "Crawled" report in GSC.
2. Indexability
A page appears in Google only if indexed. noindex meta, X-Robots-Tag header, canonical β all affect indexation. Use GSC URL Inspection on key pages.
3. Site architecture
3-click rule: every page reachable within 3 clicks from home. Deeper = "unimportant" for Google. Topical cluster: pillar page + narrow sub-pages, all interlinked.
4. URL structure
Short, readable, with the keyword. sayt.uz/blog/choosing-domain β good. sayt.uz/?p=12345 β bad. Hyphens between words, lowercase, no parameters.
5. Speed (Core Web Vitals)
LCP <2.5s, INP <200ms, CLS <0.1. WebP/AVIF, CDN, critical CSS inline, defer JS, server response <600ms. Measure with PageSpeed Insights and Lighthouse.
6. Mobile-first indexing
Google indexes the mobile version. Mobile and desktop content must match. Responsive design required.
7. Structured data (Schema.org)
JSON-LD: Article, Product, FAQ, HowTo, BreadcrumbList. Rich snippets β stars, price, Q&A β boost CTR.
8. XML Sitemap and robots.txt
sitemap.xml β list of important pages, submitted to GSC. robots.txt β bot instructions. They must align.
9. HTTPS and security
SSL mandatory (Google ranking factor). HSTS, secure cookies, no mixed content.
10. Hreflang (multilingual)
Links between language versions. Each page references its translations. Google shows the right language to the right audience.
11. Canonical tags
Prevent duplicates. One product on multiple URLs β canonical points to the main one. Google consolidates authority.
12. 404, 301, 302
Deleted β 410, moved β 301. Custom 404 to retain visitors. Temporary move β 302. Wrong code hurts SEO.
13. Log file analysis
Server log analysis shows where Googlebot spends time. Screaming Frog Log Analyzer.
14. JavaScript SEO
SPA β SSR or SSG. Googlebot renders JS but slowly and with errors. SSR is fast and reliable.
15. Sayt.uz technical practices
HTTPS+HSTS, dynamic sitemap, schema markup, green Core Web Vitals, hreflang in 4 languages, canonical, clean URLs and 404 via .htaccess.