A DNS Zone is the collection of all DNS records for your domain. DNS (Domain Name System) works as the Internet's phonebook β it translates domain names (sayt.uz) into IP addresses (185.225.243.21). The zone is the configuration storing all these mappings. It's edited via cPanel (Zone Editor) or at the domain registrar (Webname, Namecheap).
Main DNS record types
A record β maps a domain name to an IPv4 address (e.g., 1.2.3.4). Example: sayt.uz A 185.225.243.21. This is the main site routing.
AAAA record β to an IPv6 address (e.g., 2001:db8::1). IPv6 isn't widespread yet, but good for the future.
MX record β Mail eXchanger, routes email to a mail server. Example: kompaniyam.uz MX 10 mail.kompaniyam.uz. The number (10) is the priority (lower = higher priority).
CNAME β Canonical Name, an alias. Example: www.kompaniyam.uz CNAME kompaniyam.uz (so www also goes to the root domain). Note: CNAME cannot be used on a root domain (kompaniyam.uz) β only on subdomains.
TXT record β text data. Used for SPF, DKIM, DMARC, and domain verification. Example: kompaniyam.uz TXT "v=spf1 +a +mx -all".
SRV record β Service location. Used by Skype for Business, Microsoft Teams, and other services.
NS record β Name Server. Lists the DNS servers for your domain. If you move from Webname to Sayt.uz hosting, the NS record changes.
DNS propagation
When a DNS record changes, propagation around the world takes time β usually 1-48 hours (often 1-4 in practice). It depends on the TTL (Time To Live) parameter: usually 3600 seconds (1 hour). If you need faster propagation, lower TTL to 300 seconds (5 minutes) first, then change the record.
Adding subdomains
Two ways to add a subdomain (blog.kompaniyam.uz, shop.kompaniyam.uz): (1) A record blog.kompaniyam.uz A 1.2.3.4 β point the subdomain to another IP; (2) CNAME blog.kompaniyam.uz CNAME blog.wordpress.com β route it to another platform.
Sayt.uz practice
For Sayt.uz clients DNS Zone is edited via cPanel (Zone Editor). If the domain is registered at Sayt.uz, DNS lives on our servers. If the domain is at another registrar (Namecheap, GoDaddy), change the NS record to Sayt.uz's NS. Most common edits: a new email server (MX record), Google verification (TXT), CDN connection (CNAME). Tip: DNS changes are serious β always lower TTL first, then change the record; if you make a mistake, you can roll back quickly.